The AAO Journal, 2009/06, 19(2):7-29, type of study: ,art,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Free full text   (https://www.academyofosteopathy.org/aaoj)

Keywords:

article [2634]
clavicle [4]
OMT [3925]
osteopathic manipulative treatment [3946]
scapular [8]

Abstract:

This article is presented as an aid in developing more accurate diagnosis and effective osteopathic treatment of somatic dysfunction involving the scapulae and clavicles. This is facilitated by a clear understanding of normal structure and function. Scapular anatomy, attachments, innervation, action and functional relationships of muscles which affect scapular and clavicular movements, are reviewed. Typical presentations of dysfunctions are discussed; and a method of evaluation and treatment involving levator scapula, rhomboids, trapezius, serratus anterior and ligamentum nuchae is presented. A more complete understanding of the muscles, which move the scapula, enables better identification and treatment of scapular dysfunction. Tenderness at muscle attachments helps confirm impressions formed by objective findings. Improved specificity during treatment leads to more effective and predictable treatment outcomes.