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The Effects of Cranial Osteopathy on Neuronal Damage After Juvenile Seizures

Journal: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Date: 2010/08, 110(8):Pages: 469. doi: Subito , type of study: animal experiment

Full text    (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2010.110.8.445/html)

Keywords:

animal experiment [67]
brain damage [2]
cranio-sacral osteopathy [220]
epilepsy [9]
seizures [3]

Abstract:

Rationale: Cranial osteopathic treatment (COMT) may benefit individuals with epilepsy by attenuating stress responses associated with seizures. The effect of COMT on cell damage after juvenile seizures is unknown. Elevated corticosteroid (CORT) levels occur after seizures and are associated with neuronal cell death. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that COMT may protect the hippocampus from injury by decreasing CORT levels that accompany epileptogenic seizures. Materials and Methods: Modified COMT was performed daily on the sub-occipital region of juvenile rats from postnatal (P) day 15 to P20. Two or five additional treatments were performed after induction of status epileptics (on P20) with kainic acid (KA) (2 mg/kg). Age-matched controls and shams were used simultaneously. All animals were sacrificed after 72 hours. We examined morphological changes and cell death of pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus in response to COMT using Nissl, silver and Golgi staining methods. Cell body injury, spine density and number of dendrites of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells were quantified to assess the level of damage of these neurons relative to control groups. In addition, circulating plasma CORT levels were measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) by collecting the animal's blood 72 hours post seizure. Results: Following COMT in the absence of seizures, CA1 neurons appeared healthy and spine density and dendritic branching were indistinguishable from the controls. In the presence of seizures, COMT did not prevent typical CA1 injury, such as silver stained somata, spine density loss and accompanying swellings and shortening of dendritic segments. Although elevation of CORT plasma levels were not attenuated in animals who received COMT pre and post seizure compared to KA only treated animals, healthy animals that received COMT showed a reduction of CORT levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that COMT may attenuate the stress response by reducing CORT levels in healthy animals. Lack of morphological protection and CORT attenuation was likely due to failure of reducing the total stress response associated with sustained status epilepticus suggesting that either increasing the number of treatments or provoking shorter seizure episodes may allow COMT to be more effective. Additional treatment utilizing different osteopathic approaches or using another seizure model (eg, febrile) may lead to desired protective effects.


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